Arbutin (Chemical structure 2, Figure 1) is a compound with a structure in which one molecule of D-glucose is bound to hydroquinone.D-glucose exists in α, β, or γ-anomeric form in aqueous solution, with β-anomer being a dominant form. β-Arbutin (this stereoisomer is called arbutin) in which the β-anomer of D-glucose is bound to hydroquinone is mainly found in plants, such as wheat, pear I would recommend to use alpha Arbutin and if you’d like to, incorporate azelaic acid in later. Azelaic acid is antimicrobial and it helps with blemishes, skin texture, redness and also helps to brighten. But brightening isn’t its main function or strengths. Alpha Arbutin targets the melanin production and helps to lighten up hyperpigmentation. Whilst niacinamide can help restore the hydration for the skin it can also work at promoting the production of collagen, by teaming this with the skin brightening benefits of alpha arbutin you will find the build-up of dead skin cells are exfoliated away leaving you with healthier, happier, and firmer looking skin. Arbutin is a compound of hydroquinone and D-glucose, and it has been over 30 years since there have been serious studies on the skin lightening action of this substance. In the meantime, there have been debates and validation studies about the mechanism of action of this substance as well as its skin lightening efficacy and safety. Several analogs or derivatives of arbutin have been developed Perfect for brightening skin and minimising the appearance of uneven skin tone, The Ordinary’s Ascorbic Acid 8% + Alpha Arbutin 2% is optimised for ideal stability. Notoriously difficult to keep stable, vitamin C and alpha arbutin do not perform at their best when combined with water – hence, this formula is completely water-free. vQANE1v.

alpha arbutin or vitamin c first